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Sunday, June 24, 2012

Sri Lanka take charge after wicket frenzy

Sri Lanka v Pakistan, 1st Test, Galle, 2nd day

Sri Lanka take charge after wicket frenzy

The Report by Siddarth Ravindran
June 23, 2012
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Pakistan 48 for 5 (Randiv 2-5, Kulasekara 2-15) trail Sri Lanka 472 (Sangakkara 199*, Dilshan 101, M Jayawardene 62, Ajmal 5-146) by 424 runs
Scorecard and ball-by-ball details

 Kumar Sangakkara celebrates reaching 150, Sri Lanka v Pakistan, 1st Test, Galle, 2nd day, June 23, 2012
Kumar Sangakkara became only the second batsman in Test history to be stranded on 199 © AFP
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Players/Officials: Saeed Ajmal | Kumar Sangakkara
Matches: Sri Lanka v Pakistan at Galle
Series/Tournaments: Pakistan tour of Sri Lanka
Teams: Pakistan | Sri Lanka
After the first day in Galle, the score was 300 for 2; on the second day, 13 wickets went down for 219 runs. Those contrasting statistics, however, did nothing to change the overall status of the match: Sri Lanka continue to boss the game, first piling on 472 (their highest total against Pakistan in Sri Lanka), and then raising more questions about the fragile Pakistan batting by taking out five early wickets.
Despite Sri Lanka being in charge, it was a bittersweet day for Kumar Sangakkara. He became the quickest batsman to reach 2000 Test runs against a single team, but he also became only the second player in Test history to be stranded on 199. That too, after signalling his double-century in the penultimate over of the innings, only to be told it was a scorecard error.
In the morning, Saeed Ajmal had underlined why he's the top-ranked Test spinner in the world by taking three big wickets to raise hopes of a Pakistan fightback. Prasanna Jayawardene, though, again showed his value as a lower-order scrapper, supporting Sangakkara for a couple of hours to keep Sri Lanka firmly ahead in the Galle Test.
That advantage was multiplied in the final hour and a half as Pakistan's batting floundered in the fading light. Nuwan Kulasekara repaid his recall to the Test side after more than a year on the sidelines by taking two wickets in his third over. His trademark inswinger made only an infrequent appearance but that didn't affect him as he had Taufeeq Umar lbw shouldering arms to a delivery on the stumps, and then handed Azhar Ali a golden duck as the batsman flirted with a ball outside off, only to feather it to the keeper.
Then the spinners took over. Mohammad Hafeez was a prime candidate for the lbw as he adopted the dangerous tactic of playing flighted length deliveries off the back foot. He escaped a few times against Rangana Herath, but not against Suraj Randiv, who then dismissed the nightwatchman Ajmal first ball. Herath had reward for his sustained interrogation of the batsman's technique by getting Asad Shafiq to edge to the keeper. The umpires had a tough time as there were innumerable vociferous appeals, as the spinners regularly operated with five fielders round the bat. Younis Khan survived, but at 48 for 5, a long tail and the follow-on 224 runs away, Pakistan are left needing a miracle.
Batting wasn't easy in the morning either as only 11 runs had come off the first seven overs. Like on Friday, Mahela Jayawardene decided to ease the pressure with an enterprising stroke, this time a reverse-sweep for four. Two balls later, he went for the slog-sweep against Ajmal, but missed and was bowled.

Smart stats

  • Kumar Sangakkara's unbeaten 199 is only the second such score in Test cricket.The only other batsman to remain not out on 199 was Andy Flower, against South Africa in 2001.
  • Sri Lanka's total of 472 is their sixth-highest Test score against Pakistan, but their highest against them in Sri Lanka.
  • Four Sri Lanka batsmen fell without scoring, which makes it the second-highest innings total in Tests to have four or more ducks. The highest is West Indies' 501 against India in 2002.
  • This was Sangakkara's 15th score of 150 or more in Tests, which is fourth in the all-time list. Had he scored another run, it would have been Sangakkara's ninth double-hundred in Tests, which would've put him in second place, next only to Don Bradman's 12 and level with Brian Lara's nine.
  • Sangakkara needs only 61 to become the highest run-scorer in Tests against Pakistan. His tally of 2029 is also the second-highest by a Sri Lanka batsman against any opposition.
  • Saeed Ajmal's 5 for 146 is his sixth five-wicket haul in Tests, but the most expensive of the lot. It's also his first five-for in Sri Lanka.
  • Pakistan lost their fifth wicket at 44, which is their second-lowest score at five down in Tests against Sri Lanka.

Sangakkara has been Sri Lanka's most assured batsman in the match, but even he had his problems against Ajmal. He used the slog-sweep effectively, picking up a couple of boundaries in an Ajmal over, but in between he was beaten by the extra bounce Ajmal generated. Once, as he looked to defend outside off, he couldn't get anywhere near the ball as it spun away sharply.
He survived, but Thilan Samaraweera didn't last long. The Ajmal doosra, possibly the most feared delivery in Test cricket today, confounded Samaraweera, dragging him out of the crease, before Adnan Akmal completed a smart stumping. The very next ball, Angelo Mathews perished, though it wasn't due to any Ajmal magic. It was a full and wide delivery that Mathews limply drove at to hand the bowler a simple caught-and-bowled. In two deliveries, Ajmal had taken as many wickets as Pakistan had on all of the first day.
Left-arm spinner Abdul Rehman didn't have the same success as Ajmal, though he too posed plenty of questions for the batsman. Early in Prasanna Jayawardene's innings, Rehman got a delivery to drift in before spinning just past the outside edge, and bouncing just over the middle stump. A wicket there and Sri Lanka would have been 346 for 6, and Pakistan could have eyed a quick close to the innings.
Instead, once again a Sangakkara-Jayawardene partnership frustrated them. The batsmen found it a little easier after lunch, with Prasanna flicking several boundaries off his pads. Sangakkara was circumspect after those early slog-swept boundaries, dealing almost entirely in singles and zeroes, perhaps a silent tribute to mark the 100th birth anniversary of the great logician Alan Turing. The pair added 80 to lift Sri Lanka past 400, and though Prasanna was caught behind on 48, the damage had already been done.
Sangakkara moved to 170 by tea, but with Pakistan striking twice more before tea, he showed more urgency after the break. He did decline several singles to keep Rangana Herath away from the strike, but he also launched a six over long-on, attempted a scoop - a shot he hadn't tried all match - and pushed Herath to return for a tight second that resulted in a run-out. When on 192, there was an impatient swing that lobbed to mid-off but the bowler Mohammad Hafeez couldn't latch on to a tough chance.
Soon after, he swiped a six over midwicket and celebrated as the scorecard showed his 200, but the dressing room soon pointed out that he was still on 199. He defended the next ball, the final delivery of the over, to give strike to the last man Nuwan Pradeep, who was bowled off the second delivery, leaving the Galle crowd disappointed despite Sri Lanka's strong position.
Siddarth Ravindran is a senior sub-editor at ESPNcricinfo
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Wednesday, June 20, 2012

Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna

Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna

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People's Liberation Front
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna
Sinhala name ජනතා විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ
Tamil name மக்கள் விடுதலை முன்னணி
Leader Somawansa Amarasinghe
Founder Rohana Wijeweera
Secretary M. T. Silva
Founded May 14, 1965
Split from Communist Party of Sri Lanka
Headquarters 464/20 Pannipitiya Road, Pelawatta, Battaramulla,
Sri Lanka.
Newspaper Sensakhti/Red Power, Niyamuva, Seenuwa
Ideology Communism, Marxism-Leninism, Nationalism
National affiliation Democratic National Alliance
Parliament of Sri Lanka
4 / 225
Election symbol
Bell
Website
jvpsrilanka.com
Politics of Sri Lanka
Political parties
Elections
Janatha Vimukti Peramuna leadership at May Day Celebration in Colombo 1999.
The Janathā Vimukthi Peramuṇa (Sinhala: ජනතා විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ; Tamil: மக்கள் விடுதலை முன்னணி "People's Liberation Front") is a Marxist-Leninist, Communist political party in Sri Lanka. The party was involved in two armed uprisings against the ruling governments in 1971 (SLFP) and 1987-89 (UNP). After 1989, JVP entered into the democratic politics by participating the 1994 Parliamentary general election.

Contents

History

The JVP was founded in 1965 with the aim of providing a leading force for a socialist revolution in Sri Lanka. By 1965 there were four other leftist political parties of considerable size: the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP), the first leftist party in Sri Lanka and established in 1935, the Communist Party of Sri Lanka (CP) which was a break away from the LSSP, the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (MEP) and the CP-Chinese faction. This was a period when economic crisis in the country was deepening. Since independence from colonialism the main two parties UNP and SLFP had governed the country, each for eight years, but according to the founders of the JVP they had been unable to implement even a single measure to resolve the crises Sri Lanka faced. The JVP considered the entry into the government by three left parties in 1964 as a conscious betrayal of the aspirations of the people and the working class.

Emergence of a Leader

During this period, Rohana Wijeweera was studying medicine at Lumumba University in Moscow. There, he read the works of Marx, Engels and Lenin, and became a committed socialist. He later broke with Soviet orthodoxy and was not permitted to return to the USSR after a visit home in 1964.
By this time, Communist Party of Sri Lanka was divided over the Sino-Soviet split and as a result broke down into two factions; the Chinese faction and the Soviet faction. The Chinese faction was led by Premalal Kumarasiri. Through his father's political activities, Wijeweera had come to contact with Kumarasiri on earlier occasions and now joined the party's staff. He made the trade union office of the Chinese faction his home and plunged himself in work. Before long, Wijeweera became a person known to everybody in the party.

Split

Wijeweera increasingly felt that the Left movement (which is now generally referred to in Sri Lanka as 'old left') that had existed up until then had not produced even a few professional revolutionaries and had never made a meaningful effort to educate the masses on Marxism.[citation needed] The words mouthed by the leaders of the 'old left' were accepted by workers as the final word. Even more pathetic, to him, was that the leadership of the 'old left', aware of this aspect, utilized it to the fullest to blunt the militancy of workers.[citation needed]
Wijeweera and others decided in mid-1966 to launch a new party explicitly revolutionary in character. They started from scratch, in contrast to the birth of most political parties in Sri Lanka, which broke off from other established parties.[citation needed]
In the period that followed the cadres engaged themselves in political activities that consisted mainly of trying to increase the political awareness of the working class.[citation needed] The economic hardships they faced were crippling. They walked miles and slept in bus halts or temples. Sometimes the only meal of rice for the day was got from the mid-day alms offered to temples. The mornings were spent earning money by carrying loads in the vegetable markets and the afternoons were devoted to political work.[citation needed]

Famous 'Five Classes'

One of the more important tasks was how best to approach the goal of politically educating the masses. Following deliberations on this issue, it was decided that an uncomplicated Marxist analysis of the socio-politico-economic problems of the country should be the introductory step. The Marxist analysis was staggered in to five discussions along with five main themes. Throughout the rest of 1968, Wijeweera walked the length and breadth of the country conducting political classes for the members of the party.
The five basic political classes were followed by an education camp. Precautions had to be taken to keep this educational camp a secret to avoid alarming the government as well as the 'old left'. The lack of economic resources made it felt in no uncertain terms. The breakfast for the 25-30 people participating in the camp, cramped in a small room, consisted of tea. Often there were only two solid meals per day. The classes, all conducted by Wijeweera stretched from 17 to 18 hours per day interrupted only by meals. Sleep was confined to five hours and it was not possible to have showers during the seven days of the camp.
Two years later, by 1971, the JVP had established itself as a political party and offered an alternative to those disillusioned with the politics of the 'old left'. The majority of the members and supporters of the JVP, at this time, were in the young adult age group. Alarmed at the political potential and the political challenge of the JVP, the government and its leftist allies leveled a variety of slanders against the fledgling party. The JVP has later admitted that at that time, it was not a completely mature political party. There were many shortcomings of which they sought to rectify.

1971 Uprising

Main article: 1971 Uprising
The 1971 uprising led by the party was an unsuccessful Marxist youth rebellion that claimed 15,000 youth lives.
The JVP drew worldwide attention when it launched an insurrection against the Bandaranaike government in April 1971. Although the insurgents were young, poorly armed, and inadequately trained, they succeeded in seizing and holding major areas in Southern and Central provinces of Sri Lanka before they were defeated by the security forces. Their attempt to seize power created a major crisis for the government and forced a fundamental reassessment of the nation's security needs.
In March 1971, after an accidental explosion in one of the bomb factories, the police found fifty-eight bombs in a hut in Nelundeniya, Kegalla District. Shortly afterward, Wijeweera was arrested and sent to Jaffna Prison, where he remained throughout the revolt. In response to his arrest and the growing pressure of police investigations, other JVP leaders decided to act immediately, and they agreed to begin the uprising at 11:00 P.M. on April 5.
After two weeks of fighting, the government regained control of all but a few remote areas. In both human and political terms, the cost of the victory was high: an estimated 15,000 insurgents- -many of them in their teens—died in the conflict, and the army was widely perceived to have used excessive force. In order to win over an alienated population and to prevent a prolonged conflict, Bandaranaike offered amnesties in May and June 1971, and only the top leaders were actually imprisoned. Wijeweera, who was already in detention at the time of the uprising, was given a twenty-year sentence.[1]

The insurgency 1987-1989

Main article: Insurrection 1987-89
This led to the post-1987 revolt of the JVP when, adroitly exploiting the arrival of the Indian Peace Keeping Force and the widespread nationalist sentiments of large sections of the Sinhala people, the JVP began to terrorise both the state machinery and those sections of civil society opposed to its thinking and almost brought the State to its knees.
Organised in cells of three people and based around Matara in the south, the JVP murdered probably thousands of people and crippled the country with violently-enforced hartals (general strikes) for two years. Government forces captured and killed Wijeweera and his deputy in November 1989 in Colombo; by early 1990 they had killed or imprisoned the remaining JVP politburo and detained an estimated 7,000 JVP members. Although the Government won a decisive military victory there were credible accusations of brutality and extrajudicial methods.[2]
The number who died is uncertain: the Government was fighting multiple Tamil insurgent groups at the time, using multiple official and unofficial forces, and in the resulting chaos it was said that the uniforms of those responsible for an action denoted only those who weren't actually responsible. In addition, many people took advantage of the chaos to prosecute deadly local feuds. What is certain is that the methods of death were appalling: the South African 'necklace' of a burning tire, victims eviscerated and left to die, and even the occasion of a dozen heads arranged around the Alwis pond of the University of Peradeniya.

Democratic politics

After 1971 Uprising

The brief conflict created turmoil in Sri Lankan national politics and international relations unparalleled in its recent political history. As a result of the struggle, the United Front Government in power proscribed the JVP in April 1971. Then it became an underground organisation.
In 1978, they participated in the local government elections. In 1982, the JVP participated in the District Development Council (DDC) elections, and the presidential election in 1982. The JVP was the only radical party that contested the DDC elections in 1982. The United National Party Government as a solution to the ethnic-conflict, had introduced the DDC. It was a kind of a decentralisation programme. The NLSSP, CP, and SLFP boycotted the elections, but the JVP contested and won a couple of seats in the DDC. During this period, the Election Commissioner formally recognised the JVP as a legitimate political party.

1982 Presidential election

During this period, the Government proscribed the JVP again. It was a blessing in disguise for the JVP, because at the Presidential election, they expected more votes. For the first time the charismatic leader of the JVP, Rohana Wijeweera contested as a presidential candidate. They hoped to win more than 500,000 votes, but managed to draw only 275,000. While receiving more votes than the candidate Colvin R. de Silva, the party was disappointed by the results. The government again banned the party, and JVP membership declined as people began to doubt its electoral viability.

1983 Ethnic riots

However, the JVP was proscribed once again and forced to revert its operations as an underground organisation. In 1983, after the riots, the Government proscribed JVP, CP and NLSSP(Vasudeva Nanayakkara's & Vikrambahu Karunaratne’s Party) claiming they were involved in the Black July riots that killed thousands of Tamils.[3] Tut by that time, the Government wanted to prove that it was a coup by pro-Russian parties, in order to attract the US and the UK, and it resorted to proscription of the three parties. Later, the proscription on the CP was lifted, but not on the JVP. The third phase of the JVP began in the post-1983 period and goes up to the end of 1989.

Democratic politics after 1989

At the last legislative elections, held on 2 April 2004, the party was part of the United People's Freedom Alliance that won 45.6% of the popular vote and 105 out of the 225 seats in Parliament. As the second-largest partner in this alliance it became part of the government. The JVP originated as an underground militant movement, which launched an armed rebellion in 1971.

2005 Presidential Elections

Mahinda Rajapakse was elected president of Sri Lanka with only part support of his own party, the SLFP. Majority support and endorsement came from the JVP and the JHU after their acquiring his agreement not to divide the country into federal states as the LTTE demanded.

Internal conflict of April 2008

The party had an internal conflict in April 2008, between the two factions of Wimal Weerawansa and the party leadership.[4]
Party decided to suspend the membership of Wimal Weerawansa from March 21, 2008. As in the media reports Weerawansa had an argument with the leadership based on the disarmament of Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Puligal (TMVP) political party which contesting in the country's Eastern provincial council elections May 2008 under the banner of ruling United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA).[5][6]
Piyasiri Wijenayake the JVP MP, accused opposition party UNP for conspirating against JVP, told at a media conference held at Nippon hotel Colombo on April 8, 2008. He added Ravi Karunanayake, a UNP MP who held a meeting with senior JVP leaders at his home as the main conspirator.[7]
Piyasiri Wijenayake told BBC, the official vehicles of himself and Achala Suranga Jagoda another dissident JVP MP, forcefully removed by the group led by Jayanatha Wijesekara a JVP Trincomalee district MP.[8]
The dissident Wimal Weerawansa group visited the most senior Buddhist monks of Asgiriya and Malwatte chapters on April 20, 2008 to get the blessings for their new political movement. Weerawansa again accused the UNP Kotte leader for the conspiracy against the JVP.[9]
The breakaway group of ten JVP parliamentarians led by Wimal Weerawansa formed a new political party called Jathika Nidahas Peramuna (JNP). Party activities began on May 14, 2008 the same day in 1965 Rohana Wijeweera formed the JVP and also the day the LTTE killed 146 pilgrims during the Anuradhapura massacre at the Sri Maha Bodhi in 1985. The party leaders who addressed the inaugural ceremony at BMICH Colombo said, the new political party is an alternative to two main political parties UNP and SLFP but not for the JVP.[10] On 2008 December Jathika Nidahas Peramuna joined the government. They claimed that the government should be supported in this moment as it is successfully fighting LTTE in the North. Then onward JNP sat with the government in parliament. JVP commenting on this issue blamed the government that though the LTTE problem is a critical issue it is not the only issue faced by the country and as the government mishandles many other problems. They further alleged that the rival members joined government on personal gain.

Further reading

[11]
  • SRI LANKA - A LOST REVOLUTION? The Inside Story of the JVP by Rohan Gunaratna[12]
  • Insurgency – 1971 : An Account of the April Insurrection in Sri Lanka by Justice A.C. Alles[13]
  • Sri Lanka, the years of terror : The J.V.P. insurrection, 1987-1989 by C.A. Chandraprema[14]
  • Rebellion, Repression and the Struggle for Justice in Sri Lanka : The Lionel Bopage Story by Michael Colin Cooke [15]

Notable leaders

See also

References

  1. ^ "Memoirs of Sirima R.D.Bandaranaike : Insurgency April 1971". Sunday Observer. May 8, 2005.
  2. ^ "JVP 'appreciated' 88-89 crackdown". BBC News. 18 March 2008.
  3. ^ Tempest, Rone. Sri Lanka Fears Infiltration by Outlawed Group Mysterious Sinhalese Extremists Suspected in Parliament Grenade, Gun Attack.Los Angeles Times. August 22, 1987
  4. ^ "Wimal : notable absentee". BBC News. 05 April, 2008.
  5. ^ "JVP 'suspends' Weerawansa". BBC News. 04 April, 2008.
  6. ^ "JVP splits in two". BBC News. 08 April, 2008.
  7. ^ "Wimal the conspirator - JVP". BBC News. 09 April, 2008.
  8. ^ "JVP legislators' vehicles 'stolen'". BBC News. 9 April 2008.
  9. ^ "Prelate urges JVP unity". BBC News. 20 April 2008.
  10. ^ "JNP 'alternative' to main parties". BBC News. 14 May 2008.
  11. ^ <Publisher:"Nidahase Niyamuwo", Published : (June 23, 2008), Language: Sinhala, ISBN 978-955-1963-00-1>
  12. ^ <Publisher: Institute of Fundamental Studies (1990) Language: English ISBN 955-26-0004-9 ISBN 978-955-26-0004-3>
  13. ^ <Publisher : The Colombo Apothecaries' Co. Colombo, Year 1979, Third printing>
  14. ^ <Publisher: Lake House Bookshop (1991) Language: English ISBN :9559029037>
  15. ^ <Publisher: Agahas Publishers, Colombo (2011) Language: English ISBN :9789550030037>

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Sri Lanka Marxist party claims surrender of accused in Katuwana double murder an act to safeguard the government

Sri Lanka Marxist party claims surrender of accused in Katuwana double murder an act to safeguard the government
Wed, Jun 20, 2012, 08:29 pm SL Time, ColomboPage News Desk, Sri Lanka.
Jun 20, Colombo: Sri Lanka's Marxist party Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) says the move by the main accused in the double murder in Katuwana, Hambantota was a ploy to safeguard the government as well as the accused.
JVP General Secretary Tilvin Silva says the accused in the double murder, G.G. Amarasiri alias Julampitiye Amare surrendered in order to prevent the government from any difficulty as well as to safeguard himself.
Silva told a press conference that Amare had surrendered for a warrant issued on him in 2002.
He observed that the government was responsible for the shooting incident in a JVP meeting in Katuwana on the 15th that caused the death of two party activists.
Silva noted that since the incident on the 15th the government has behaved in an indecisive manner.
"The police were aware that there was a JVP meeting on the 15th in Katuwana. However, the police failed to take any action when a group of about eight people arrived in four bikes and shot at the crowd and walked around the venue attacking people and causing damage to life and property for a about 30 minutes," he said.
People in Katuwana say that the area usually has a heavy guard, but thugs have managed to travel around carrying weapons without any problem, he added.
"The police without taking appropriate action based on eye witness statements, started to continue questioning the eye witnesses on their statements," Silva observed.
He further noted that the head of the Media Center for National Security had made a statement about the shooting incident even before the initial inquiry.
"The investigation into the murder and the attempts by the government to safeguard the suspect has now become an unfolding drama," Silva said.
The government claims the internal rift in the party is behind the shooting and suspects the Frontline Socialist Party (FSP), a recent splinter group of the JVP for the attack.

(c) Colombo Page

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Kumar Sangakkara - formar Captain

Kumar Sangakkara

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Kumar Sangakkara
කුමාර සංගක්කාර
{{{imagealt}}}
Personal information
Full name Kumar Chokshanada Sangakkara
Born 27 October 1977 (age 34)
Matale, Sri Lanka
Nickname Sanga
Batting style Left-handed
Bowling style Right arm off break
Role Wicket-keeper, batsman
International information
National side Sri Lanka
Test debut (cap 84) 20 July 2000 v South Africa
Last Test 29 March 2012 v England
ODI debut (cap 93) 5 July 2000 v Pakistan
Last ODI 20 March 2012 v Bangladesh
Domestic team information
Years Team
1997–present Nondescripts
2008–2010 Kings XI Punjab
2007 Warwickshire
2011–present Deccan Chargers
Career statistics
Competition Test ODI FC LA
Matches 107 325 195 421
Runs scored 9,361 10,472 13,950 14,233
Batting average 55.39 38.21 47.93 39.98
100s/50s 28/38 13/71 37/62 21/92
Top score 287 138* 287 156*
Balls bowled 78 – 204 –
Wickets – – 1 –
Bowling average – – 112.00 –
5 wickets in innings – – – –
10 wickets in match – – – –
Best bowling – – 1/13 –
Catches/stumpings 167/20 315/80 328/33 417/105
Source: Cricinfo, 29 March 2012
Kumar Chokshanada Sangakkara (Sinhala: කුමාර් සංගක්කාර) (born 27 October 1977) is a Sri Lankan cricketer and a former captain of the Sri Lanka national cricket team. He is a left-handed top-order batsman and the wicket-keeper in the One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 formats of the game. He captained the national team from 2009 to 2011, stepping down after the 2011 ICC World Cup final. The same year, he was named the ODI Cricketer of the Year at the ICC awards ceremony.[1] In 2012, he was honoured as one of the top-five Wisden Cricketers of the Year.[2]
Sangakkara is described as one of the "most polished and prudent of batsmen" in cricket.[3][4] He has intermittently ranked number 1 in the ICC Test player rankings.[5][6] With 8 double centuries, he is the third in the list of Test double century-makers, behind Donald Bradman (12) and Brian Lara (9). He is also the first cricketer ever to score 150+ scores in four consecutive Test matches.[7] As the wicket keeper, he has contributed to the 3rd highest number of dismissals in ODIs—382.[8] It includes 81 stumpings, which is the highest for a wicket keeper in one-day international cricket.[9]
Sangakkara delivered the 2011 MCC Spirit of Cricket Cowdrey Lecture, which gained worldwide attention.[10] He was the youngest person and the first current international player to delive that lecture, which was widely praised by the cricketing community for its outspoken nature.[11][12]

Contents

Early life

Kumar Sangakkara was born to Kumari Surangana and Swarnakumara Sangakkara, an attorney-at-law at Matale, Sri Lanka in 1977.[13] His parents settled in Kandy, where he drew up in his childhood. Kumar received his primary and secondary education at Trinity College, Kandy, a private boys' school in central highlands of Sri Lanka. He has two sisters: Thushari and Saranga, and an elder brother: Vemindra, all who have made national level achievements at their school-life. Sangakkara too started playing a number of sports: badminton, tennis, swimming, table tennis and cricket at the junior school. He was able to win national colors for badminton and tennis at his younger age. The then principal of the Trinity College, Leonard de Alwis, advised his mother to encourage Kumar to concentrate on cricket.[14]
He represented his school's under-13 cricket XI under coach Upananda Jayasundera.[13] Berty Wijesinghe coached Sangakkara for under-15, under-17, under-19 and first XI sqads.[15] He was awarded The Trinity Lion, the most prestigious prize awarded for a Trinity sportsman, for his exceptional batting and wicket-keeping skills in the 1996 season, at the age of 19.[16] Sangakkara was selected to represent Sri Lanka A cricket team at a tour to South Africa in 1998-99. His knock of unbeaten 156 against Zimbabwe A team at a one-day match,[17] helped him secure a place at the Sri Lankan national cricket team later that year.
Sanga did his Advanced Level examination in the Arts stream in 1996. He was also awarded The Ryde Gold Medal, for the best all-round student in his year at his school. Following his father, who is a lawyer in Kandy, he entered to the Law Faculty of the University of Colombo, but was unable to finish his degree due to cricket tours.[18] Kumar was a chorister and played the violin during his school-days.[19]

International career

Early career

At the age of 22 Sangakkara made his Test debut on 20 July 2000, keeping wicket in the first fixture of a three-match series against South Africa. Sri Lanka won the match and in his side's only innings Sangakarra batted at the fall of the third wicket and scored 23 runs before he was dismissed leg before wicket by spin bowler Nico Boje.[20] He received his first man of the match award in the 2nd match of the Singer Triangular Series, 2000, scoring 85 runs against South Africa.[21] He ended the series with 199 runs, at an average of 66.33, securing his place for the upcoming Test series against South Africa. Before reaching his first Test century, he was twice dismissed in the 90s, once against each of South Africa and England. In August 2001, India toured Sri Lanka for three Tests and in the opening match Sangakkara scored his first century.[22] His innings of 105 not out at number three helped set up a ten-wicket victory for Sri Lanka.[23] Later that year Sangakkara scored his second Test century, this time in the first of three matches against the touring West Indians.[24]
He scored his first double-century against Pakistan in 2002, at the 2nd Asian Test Championship final.[25] His performace helped Sri Lanka secure the Test championship. In April 2003, Sangakkara made his first ODI century against Pakistan, in a losing effort.[26] Together with Marvan Atapattu, he made a partnership of 438 for the 2nd wicket—4th highest in the world—against Zimbabwe in 2004.[27] In that game, he scored 270, his first 250+ score.[28] In July 2005, he was selected to the ICC World XI ODI team but missed out from its Test counterpart.

As vice-captain

When Sri Lanka toured Bangladesh in February 2006 regular captain Marvan Atapattu was injured and Mahela Jayawardene became captain while Sangakarra was made vice-captain.[29] Pakistan toured Sri Lanka for two Test and three ODIs in March 2006, and with Atapattu still injured Jayawardene and Sangakkara remained captain and vice-captain respectively.[30] The pair had only expected to hold the positions on an interim basis, but extended into a third series as Atapattu failed to recover in time tour tour England in April and ended up filling the roles full time.[31] In July 2006, Sangakkara made his highest Test score to-date (287) against South Africa. In a record-breaking partnership with Mahela Jayawardene, he set up the world record for the highset partnership in Test cricket—624 runs—in this match.[32]
On 6 December 2007 he made it to the top spot of ICC Test player rankings with a rating of 938, the highest rating ever achieved by a Sri Lankan player, and became the first batsman ever to score in excess of 150 in four consecutive tests.[13] His skill was recognised worldwide when he earned selection for the ICC World XI One Day International team that competed against Australia in the Johnnie Walker Series in October 2005. Despite the World XI losing all of the one-day games by considerable margins, Sangakkara left the series with some credit, averaging 46. He was one of the winners of the 2008 inaugural Cricinfo awards for outstanding batting in Test cricket.[33]
Sangakkara holds the record for fastest 8,000 runs (152 innings) in Test cricket. He broke the previous record set by Sachin Tendulkar (154 innings) during the third Test against India on 6 August 2010. He also holds the record for fastest 9,000 runs (172 innings) in Test cricket. He broke the previous record set by Rahul Dravid (176 innings) during the second Test against Pakistan on 3 November 2011.[34] Sangakkara was billed as a future captain of Sri Lanka.[35][36] On Sri Lanka's tour to England in May 2006, he was named the vice-captain of the side. On 3 March 2009, a terrorist attack on the Sri Lankan team convoy in Pakistan injured 6 Sri Lankan players including Sangakkara. Sangakkara suffered shrapnel wounds in his shoulder.[37] In November 2006, Sangakkara made it to the ICC World XI Test team he missed out previous time. Next year, he signed an agreement to join the Warwickshire County Cricket Club.[38] That year, he scored back-to-back double centuries against Bangladesh and became only the fifth cricketer in the history to do so.[39]

Captaincy

Sangakkara's record as captain
  Matches Won Lost Drawn No result
Test[40] 15 5 3 7 –
ODI[41] 45 27 14 – 4
T20I[42] 21 12 9 – –
In February 2009, the then captain of the Sri Lankan side, Mahela Jayawardene announced that he would step down from captaincy "in the best interests of the Sri Lankan team". He said he believed that it would give his successor around two years to build up to the2011 Cricket World Cup.[43] Therefore at the age of 31 and with the experience of 80 Tests and 246 ODIs, Sangakkara succeeded Jayawardene as Sri Lanka's captain in all formats of the game. His first engagement in the role was the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 hosted by England in June.[44] Sri Lanka became runners-up in the series after winning all the game in group and knock-out stages and being defeated by Pakistan in the final. Sangakkara made 64 not-out in the final, but was unable to take Sri Lanka for the championship.[45] Sri Lanka failed to reach to the knock-out stage of the ICC Champions Trophy in September 2009. The next Indian tour proved to be disastrous for the team, with Sri Lanka being beaten by India in Test sries 2-0 and ODI series 3-1.
Sri Lankan team under the captaincy of Sangakkara gained momentum and won the next Tri-series in Bangladesh, Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka, beating India as well. The Sri Lankans' tour of Australia proved to be very successful, in winning both the T20 and ODI series. This was Sri Lanka's first ever series victory in Australia.[46]
A month in advance of the 2011 World Cup in March, Sangakkara decided that he would resign the captaincy after the tournament.[47] Sri Lanka reached the final of the tournament.[48] Throughout the tournament Sangakkara was in prolific form with the bat scoring 465 runs from 9 matches and was the third highest run scorer behind team-mate Tillakaratne Dilshan and India's Sachin Tendulkar. Days after guiding Sri Lanka to the finals of the World Cup, Sangakkara announced to the public he was stepping down as captain of the T20 and ODI teams. He offered to continue as Test captain if deemed necessary for transition to new skipper;[49] in the event Dilshan was appointed captain across all formats.[50] Reflecting on the decision afterwards, he said that "captaining Sri Lanka is a job that ages you very quickly ... It's rarely a job you will last long in ... I also had a two-year stint, and I enjoyed it at times, certainly on the field where our results showed we were one of the top two sides in the world for one-and-a-half years, especially in the shorter form of the game."[47]

Post-captaincy

Sangakkara (right) resigned the captaincy after the 2011 World Cup and was succeeded by Tillakaratne Dilshan (left).
Sri Lanka's first fixture after the World Cup was a tour of England beginning in May. During the second match of a three Test series Tillakaratne Dilshan, Sangakkara's successor as captain, suffered a broken thumb. Sangakkara filled-in while Dilshan was off the pitch and formally assumed the captaincy for the final Test.[51][52] The match ended in a draw and the series ended in a 1–0 victory for England; Sangakarra scored a century in the match, his first against England in nine Tests.[53]
Sangakkara was named the man of the series in 2011-12 Pakistan vs. Sri Lanka Test series—his first man of the series award in Test cricket. He made 516 runs in the 3 match series which was won by Pakistan 1-0.[54] He scored his 8th Test double-century in that tournament.[55] This is the third highest number of double centuries made by a Test cricketer in history, behind Donald Bradman and Brian Lara, with 12 and 9 respectively.[56] On August the same year, he was named the ODI Cricketer of the Year, wicket keeper-captain of the ICC World XI Test team, and won the ICC People's Choice Award in 2011 ICC Awards.[1] In 2012, he was named one of the Wisden's five Cricketer's of the Year.[2]

Cowdrey Lecture

Kumar Sangakkara delivered the 2011 MCC Spirit of Cricket Cowdrey Lecture at Lords.[10] He became the youngest person and the first current international player to delive that lecture, which was widely praised by the cricketing community.[11][12][57] The one hour long speech was based on the history and the corruption in the cricket administration in Sri Lanka. In his speech, he said: "accountability and transparency in administration and credibility of conduct were lost in a mad power struggle that would leave Sri Lankan cricket with no clear, consistent administration", and observed that these problems in administration had risen only after Sri Lanka's 1996 Cricket World Cup victory.[58] He also blamed "a handful of well-meaning individuals" who control the game, wasting the cricket board's finances and resources. Immediately after the lecture, the Sri Lankan sports minister Mahindananda Aluthgamage ordered an investigation into the speech.[59] Despite the critical comments by the Sri Lankan government officials, it has been described as "the most important speech in cricket history".[60]

Domestic cricket

Sangakkara plays his domestic cricket for Nondescripts in Sri Lanka. Sangakkara has played English county cricket with Warwickshire in the 2007 County Championship. In 2010 Sangakkara was contracted to represent Lancashire in the 2010 County Championship,[61] but never represented the club because of international commitments.[62]

Indian Premier League

Kumar Sangakkara has played in all five seasons of the Indian Premier League. Winning bids for him in 2008 and 2011 were US$ 700,000 by Kings XI Punjab and US$ 300,000 by Deccan Chargers respectively. He is currently the captain of the Deccan Chargers team. Sangakkara has scored 1567 runs with 10 half-centuries in 62 matches in IPL.[63]

Personal life

Sangakkara is married to his longtime partner, Yehali.[64] They have one girl and a boy: Swari and Kavith.[65]
He is involved in a number of charity work in Sri Lanka. He is a member of the Think Wise Initiative, launched by International Cricket Council, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and UNICEF, which is aimed at raising awareness around HIV prevention and eliminating discrimination against people living HIV and AIDS.[66] He is also a partner of the Foundation of Goodness, a charity launched by Muttiah Muralitharan.[18]

Playing style

Sangakkara is a left-handed top order batsman who likes to hit the ball square of the wicket on the off-side. Upon making a century, he consistently continues on past 150. While the Cut and the pull are natural strokes to him, he tends to play in the front foot. Cover drive is one of his regular scoring shots. Sangakkara averages around 55 in Test cricket. Among the current Test batsmen, his average is second only to that of Sachin Tendulkar and Jacques Kallis.[67] In ODI cricket, he retains a modest average of 38. Sangakkara handed over his wicket-keeping duty to Prasanna Jayawardene in Tests cricket in 2009. Now he plays as a specialist batsman in Tests, and wicket keeper-batsman in other formats of the game. He is the third in the list of wicket keepers who contributed to the most numnber of dismissals in ODI cricket. With 382 dismissals, he is behind Adam Gilchrist and Mark Boucher.[8] He is also the wicket keeper with highest number of stumpings—81—in ODI cricket.[9]
He has also won a certain degree of admiration for his clever use of sledging and is one of few cricketers who are willing to talk about it openly. In an interview in 2004 he explained his approach to sledging:
The public perception of sledging is to go out there and abuse someone in obscene language, questioning their parentage or sexual preferences. That kind of abuse does not belong on the field of play. Sledging, as coined and pioneered by the Australians, is a measured comment designed to get a reaction out of a player. It could be any reaction: a bit of anger, a show of arrogance, a comment, a shake of the head, or a slump of the shoulders.
—Kumar Sangakarra in 2004[68]

Player statistics

An innings-by-innings breakdown of Sangakkara's Test match batting career, showing runs scored (red bars) and the average of the last ten innings (blue line).

Test performance against each opponent

As of 2 April 2012:
Opponent Matches Innings Not out Runs High Score 100 50 Average
 Australia 9 17 0 726 192 1 5 42.70
 Bangladesh 11 14 2 876 222* 2 5 73.00
 England 19 34 1 1,205 152 2 6 36.52
 India 15 24 2 1,257 219 5 2 57.13
 New Zealand 8 14 3 651 156* 3 2 59.18
 Pakistan 13 25 2 1,830 230 7 7 79.56
 South Africa 15 28 0 1,362 287 3 5 48.46
 West Indies 12 19 2 918 157* 3 5 54.00
 Zimbabwe 5 6 0 536 270 2 1 89.33
TOTAL 107 181 12 9,361 287 28 38 55.39

Centuries

Main article: List of international cricket centuries by Kumar Sangakkara
Sangakkara has scored 28 centuries in Test cricket and 13 in ODIs.

Awards

Test Cricket - Man of the Series awards

  • In this table Ct., refers to the Catches and St. refers to the Stumping
# Series Season Match Performance Result
1 Pakistan Vs. Sri Lanka Test Series 2011-12 516 (3 Matches); 1 Ct.  Pakistan Won the series 1-0[69]

Test Cricket – Man of the match awards

  • In this table Ct., refers to the Catches and St. refers to the Stumping
# Series Season Match Performance Result
1 1st Test - Zimbabwe in Sri Lanka Test Series 2001-02 1st Innings – 128 ; 3 Ct.  Sri Lanka Won by an innings and 166 runs[70]
2 2001–02 Asian Test Championship Final 2001-02 1st Innings – 230 ; 2nd Innings 14* ; 5 Ct., 1 St.  Sri Lanka Won by 8 wickets[71]
3 2nd Test – Sri Lanka in Zimbabwe Test Series 2004 1st Innings – 270 ; 1 Ct.  Sri Lanka Won by an innings and 254 runs[72]
4 2nd Test – South Africa in Sri Lanka Test Series 2004 1st Innings – 232 ; 2nd Innings – 64 ; 1 Ct.  Sri Lanka Won by 313 runs[73]
5 2nd Test – West Indies in Sri Lanka Test Series 2005 1st Innings – 6 ; 2nd Innings – 157 ; 1 Ct.  Sri Lanka Won by 240 runs[74]
6 1st Test – Pakistan in Sri Lanka Test Series 2005-06 1st Innings – 8 ; 2nd Innings – 185 ; 2 Ct. Match drawn[75]
7 2nd Test – Bangladesh in Sri Lanka Test Series 2007 1st Innings – 200*  Sri Lanka Won by an innings and 90 runs[76]
8 1st Test – England in Sri Lanka Test Series 2007-08 1st Innings – 92 ; 2nd Innings – 152 ; 1 Ct.  Sri Lanka Won by 88 runs[77]
9 3rd Test – India in Sri Lanka Test Series 2008 1st Innings – 144 ; 2nd Innings – 4  Sri Lanka Won by 8 wickets[78]
10 3rd Test – Pakistan in Sri Lanka Test Series 2009 1st Innings – 45 ; 2nd Innings – 130* ; 2 Ct. Match drawn[79]
11 2nd Test – India in Sri Lanka Test Series 2009-10 1st Innings – 219 ; 2nd Innings – 42* ; 3 Ct. Match drawn[80]
12 2nd Test – West Indies in Sri Lanka Test Series 2010-11 1st Innings – 150 ; 2nd Innings – 1* Match drawn[81]
13 1st Test – Pakistan vs. Sri Lanka Test Series 2011-12 1st Innings – 2 ; 2nd Innings – 211 ; 1 Ct. Match drawn[82]
14 3rd Test – Pakistan vs. Sri Lanka Test Series 2011-12 1st Innings – 144 ; 2nd Innings – 51 ; 1 Ct. Match drawn[83]

One-Day International Cricket – Man of the series awards

# Series Season Match Performance Result
1 Cherry Blossom Sharjah Cup 2003 228 (3 Matches)  Pakistan Won the series[84]
2 South African in Sri Lanka ODI Series 2004 247 (5 Matches); 5 Ct. ; 5 St.  Sri Lanka Won the series 5-0[85]
3 Sri Lankan in Bangladesh ODI Series 2005-06 182 (3 Matches); 5 Ct.  Sri Lanka Won the series 2-1[86]
4 Tri-Series in Bangladesh 2009-10 274 (5 Matches); 7 Ct.  Sri Lanka Won the series[87]

One-Day International Cricket – Man of the Match Awards

# Series Season Against Match Performance Result
1 2nd Match - Singer Triangular Series 2000  South Africa 85 ; 1 Ct.  Sri Lanka Won by 37 runs[21]
2 7th Match - NatWest Series 2002  England 70  Sri Lanka Won by 23 runs[88]
3 2nd Match – Cherry Blossom Sharjah Cup 2003  Pakistan 100*  Pakistan Won by 7 wickets[89]
4 4th Match – Cherry Blossom Sharjah Cup 2003  Kenya 103*  Sri Lanka Won by 129 runs[90]
5 4th Match – South Africa in Sri Lanka ODI Series 2004  South Africa 74* ; 1 St.  Sri Lanka Won by 7 wickets[91]
6 Final – Paktel Cup 2004-05  Pakistan 68 ; 1 Ct. ; 2 St.  Sri Lanka Won by 199 runs[92]
7 2nd Match – Afro-Asia Cup 2005  Africa XI 61 ; 1 Ct.  Asian XI Won by 17 runs[93]
8 3rd Match – VB Series 2005-06  South Africa 88  Sri Lanka Won by 94 runs[94]
9 1st Final – VB Series 2005-06  Australia 83 ; 1 St.  Sri Lanka Won by 22 runs[95]
10 3rd Match – Sri Lanka in Bangladseh ODI Series 2005-06  Bangladesh 109 ; 1 Ct.  Sri Lanka Won by 78 runs[96]
11 2nd Match – Sri Lanka in India ODI Series 2006-07  India 110 ; 2 Ct. ; 1 St.  Sri Lanka Won by 5 runs[97]
12 8th Match – Commonwealth Bank Series 2007-08  India 128 ; 1 Ct.  India Won by 2 wickets[98]
13 3rd Match – Asia Cup 2008  Bangladesh 101 ; 2 Ct. ; 1 St.  Sri Lanka Won by 131 runs[99]
14 8th Match – Asia Cup 2008  Pakistan 112 ; 1 St.  Sri Lanka Won by 64 runs[100]
15 Final – Tri-Series in Bangladesh 2008-09  Bangladesh 59 ; 4 Ct.  Sri Lanka Won by 2 wickets[101]
16 5th Match – India in Sri Lanka ODI Series 2008-09  India 84 ; 2 Ct.  Sri Lanka Won by 68 runs[102]
17 3rd Match – West Indies in Sri Lanka ODI Series 2010-11  West Indies 75 ; 1 Ct.  Sri Lanka Won by 26 runs<[103]
18 38th Match – Cricket World Cup 2011  New Zealand 111 ; 1 Ct. ; 1 St.  Sri Lanka Won by 112 runs[104]
19 1st Semi Final – Cricket World Cup 2011  New Zealand 54 ; 3 Ct.  Sri Lanka Won by 5 wickets[105]
20 5th Match – Sri Lanka in South Africa ODI Series 2011-12  South Africa 102  Sri Lanka Won by 2 wickets[106]

Product and brand endorsements

See also

References

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